Fugger Palace

The acanthus is one of the most common plant forms to make foliage ornament and decoration. In architecture, an ornament may be carved into stone or wood to resemble leaves from the Mediterranean species of the Acanthus genus of plants, which have deeply cut leaves with some similarity to those of the thistle and poppy.

An anchor plate, floor plate, or wall washer is a large plate or washer connected to a tie rod or bolt. Anchor plates are used on exterior walls of masonry buildings, for structural reinforcement against lateral bowing. Anchor plates are made of cast iron, sometimes wrought iron or steel, and are often made in a decorative style. They are commonly found in many older cities, towns, and villages in Europe and in more recent cities with substantial 18th- and 19th-century brick construction.

An apron, in architecture, is a raised section of ornamental stonework below a window ledge, stone tablet, or monument. Aprons were used by Roman engineers to build Roman bridges. The main function of an apron was to surround the feet of the piers.

In classical architecture, an architrave ("door frame") is the lintel or beam that rests on the capitals of columns. The term can also apply to all sides, including the vertical members, of a frame with mouldings around a door or window. The word "architrave" has come to be used to refer more generally to a style of mouldings (or other elements) framing a door, window or other rectangular opening, where the horizontal "head" casing extends across the tops of the vertical side casings where the elements join.

An astragal is a convex ornamental profile that separates two architectural components in classical architecture. The name is derived from the ancient Greek astragalos which means cervical vertebra. Astragals were used for columns as well as for the moldings of the entablature.

An avant-corps, a French term literally meaning "fore-body", is a part of a building, such as a porch or pavilion, that juts out from the corps de logis, often taller than other parts of the building. It is common in façades in French Baroque architecture.

An awning or overhang is a secondary covering attached to the exterior wall of a building. It is typically composed of canvas woven of acrylic, cotton or polyester yarn, or vinyl laminated to polyester fabric that is stretched tightly over a light structure of aluminium, iron or steel, possibly wood or transparent material.

Balconet or balconette is an architectural term to describe a false balcony, or railing at the outer plane of a window-opening reaching to the floor, and having, when the window is open, the appearance of a balcony.

A baluster is a vertical moulded shaft, square, or lathe-turned form found in stairways, parapets, and other architectural features. In furniture construction it is known as a spindle. Common materials used in its construction are wood, stone, and less frequently metal and ceramic. A group of balusters supporting a handrail, coping, or ornamental detail are known as a balustrade.

A bossage is an uncut stone that is laid in place in a building, projecting outward from the building. This uncut stone is either for an ornamental purpose, creating a play of shadow and light, or for a defensive purpose, making the wall less vulnerable to attacks.

In architecture the capital (from the Latin caput, or "head") or chapiter forms the topmost member of a column (or a pilaster). It mediates between the column and the load thrusting down upon it, broadening the area of the column's supporting surface. The capital, projecting on each side as it rises to support the abacus, joins the usually square abacus and the usually circular shaft of the column.

A cartouche (also cartouch) is an oval or oblong design with a slightly convex surface, typically edged with ornamental scrollwork. It is used to hold a painted or low-relief design. Since the early 16th century, the cartouche is a scrolling frame device, derived originally from Italian cartuccia. Such cartouches are characteristically stretched, pierced and scrolling.

In architecture, a corbel is a structural piece of stone, wood or metal jutting from a wall to carry a superincumbent weight, a type of bracket. A corbel is a solid piece of material in the wall, whereas a console is a piece applied to the structure.

In architecture, a cornice (from the Italian cornice meaning "ledge") is generally any horizontal decorative moulding that crowns a building or furniture element - the cornice over a door or window, for instance, or the cornice around the top edge of a pedestal or along the top of an interior wall.

Cresting, in architecture, is ornamentation attached to the ridge of a roof, cornice, coping or parapet, usually made of a metal such as iron or copper. Cresting is associated with Second Empire architecture, where such decoration stands out against the sharp lines of the mansard roof. It became popular in the late 19th century, with mass-produced sheet metal cresting patterns available by the 1890s.

A dentil is a small block used as a repeating ornament in the bedmould of a cornice. Dentils are found in ancient Greek and Roman architecture, and also in later styles such as Neoclassical, Federal, Georgian Revival, Greek Revival, Renaissance Revival, Second Empire, and Beaux-Arts architecture.

Egg-and-dart, also known as egg-and-tongue, egg and anchor, or egg and star, is an ornamental device adorning the fundamental quarter-round, convex ovolo profile of molding, consisting of alternating details on the face of the ovolo—typically an egg-shaped object alternating with a V-shaped element (e.g., an arrow, anchor, or dart). The device is carved or otherwise fashioned into ovolos composed of wood, stone, plaster, or other materials.

An epigraph is an inscription or legend that serves mainly to characterize a building, distinguishing itself from the inscription itself in that it is usually shorter and it also announces the fate of the building.

A festoon, (originally a festal garland, Latin festum, feast) is a wreath or garland hanging from two points, and in architecture typically a carved ornament depicting conventional arrangement of flowers, foliage or fruit bound together and suspended by ribbons. The motif is sometimes known as a swag when depicting fabric or linen.

A finial or hip knob is an element marking the top or end of some object, often formed to be a decorative feature. In architecture, it is a small decorative device, employed to emphasize the apex of a dome, spire, tower, roof, gable, or any of various distinctive ornaments at the top, end, or corner of a building or structure.

The Green Man, and very occasionally the Green Woman, is a legendary being primarily interpreted as a symbol of rebirth, representing the cycle of new growth that occurs every spring. The Green Man is most commonly depicted in a sculpture or other representation of a face that is made of or completely surrounded by leaves. The Green Man motif has many variations. Branches or vines may sprout from the mouth, nostrils, or other parts of the face, and these shoots may bear flowers or fruit. Found in many cultures from many ages around the world, the Green Man is often related to natural vegetation deities. Often used as decorative architectural ornaments, Green Men are frequently found in carvings on both secular and ecclesiastical buildings.

A gutta (literally means "drops") is a small water-repelling, cone-shaped projection used near the top of the architrave of the Doric order in classical architecture. It is thought that the guttae were a skeuomorphic representation of the pegs used in the construction of the wooden structures that preceded the familiar Greek architecture in stone. However, they have some functionality, as water drips over the edges, away from the edge of the building.

A keystone is a wedge-shaped stone at the apex of a masonry arch or typically a round-shaped one at the apex of a vault. In both cases it is the final piece placed during construction and locks all the stones into position, allowing the arch or vault to bear weight. In arches and vaults, keystones are often enlarged beyond the structural requirements and decorated. A variant in domes and crowning vaults is a lantern.

Leaf and dart is an ornamental motif made up of heart-shaped leaves alternating with spearheads. This motif was used in Ancient Greek and Roman architecture. It was taken up again during the Renaissance, abundantly in the 18th century, being used in the Louis XVI style.

A loggia is a covered exterior corridor or porch that is part of the ground floor or can be elevated on another level. The roof is supported by columns or arches and the outer side is open to the elements.

In architecture, a mascaron ornament is a face, usually human, sometimes frightening or chimeric whose alleged function was originally to frighten away evil spirits so that they would not enter the building. The concept was subsequently adapted to become a purely decorative element. The most recent architectural styles to extensively employ mascarons were Beaux Arts and Art Nouveau.

A medallion is a carved relief in the shape of an oval or circle, used as an ornament on a building or on a monument. Medallions were mainly used in the 18th and 19th centuries as decoration on buildings. They are made of stone, wood, ceramics or metal.

A niche is a recess in the thickness of a wall. By installing a niche, the wall surface will be deeper than the rest of the wall over a certain height and width. A niche is often rectangular in shape, sometimes a niche is closed at the top with an arch, such as the round-arched friezes in a pilaster strip decoration. Niches often have a special function such as an apse or choir niche that houses an altar, or a tomb.

An oriel window is a form of bay window which protrudes from the main wall of a building but does not reach to the ground. Supported by corbels, brackets, or similar cantilevers, an oriel window is most commonly found projecting from an upper floor but is also sometimes used on the ground floor.

The palmette is a motif in decorative art which, in its most characteristic expression, resembles the fan-shaped leaves of a palm tree. It has a far-reaching history, originating in ancient Egypt with a subsequent development through the art of most of Eurasia, often in forms that bear relatively little resemblance to the original. In ancient Greek and Roman uses it is also known as the anthemion. It is found in most artistic media, but especially as an architectural ornament, whether carved or painted, and painted on ceramics.

Panoply, in the art of the Renaissance and Baroque, a decorative composition of elements of antique military armor, shields, weapons and banners. Originally, this word was used to refer to the armament of the Greek hoplites. The complete armament of the Greek hoplite, called panoplia, consisted of greaves, armor, with an inner and outer belt, a sword hanging on the left side, a round shield, a helmet and a spear.

A pediment is an architectural element found particularly in Classical, Neoclassical and Baroque architecture, and its derivatives, consisting of a gable, usually of a triangular shape, placed above the horizontal structure of the lintel, or entablature, if supported by columns. The tympanum, the triangular area within the pediment, is often decorated with relief sculpture. A pediment is sometimes the top element of a portico. For symmetric designs, it provides a center point and is often used to add grandness to entrances.

In classical architecture, a pilaster is an architectural element used to give the appearance of a supporting column and to articulate an extent of wall, with only an ornamental function. It consists of a flat surface raised from the main wall surface, usually treated as though it were a column, with a capital at the top, plinth (base) at the bottom, and the various other column elements.

A protome is a type of adornment that takes the form of the head and upper torso of either a human or an animal. Protomes were often used to decorate ancient Greek architecture, sculpture, and pottery. Protomes were also used in Persian monuments.

A putto is a figure in a work of art depicted as a chubby male child, usually naked and sometimes winged. Originally limited to profane passions in symbolism, the putto came to represent the sacred cherub, and in Baroque art the putto came to represent the omnipresence of God.

Quoins are masonry blocks at the corner of a wall. Some are structural, providing strength for a wall made with inferior stone or rubble, while others merely add aesthetic detail to a corner.

A rosette is a round, stylized flower design. The rosette derives from the natural shape of the botanical rosette, formed by leaves radiating out from the stem of a plant and visible even after the flowers have withered. The rosette design is used extensively in sculptural objects from antiquity, appearing in Mesopotamia, and in funeral steles' decoration in Ancient Greece. The rosette was another important symbol of Ishtar which had originally belonged to Inanna along with the Star of Ishtar. It was adopted later in Romaneseque and Renaissance architecture, and also common in the art of Central Asia, spreading as far as India where it is used as a decorative motif in Greco-Buddhist art.

A spandrel is a roughly triangular space, usually found in pairs, between the top of an arch and a rectangular frame; between the tops of two adjacent arches or one of the four spaces between a circle within a square. They are frequently filled with decorative elements.

A spire is a tall, slender, pointed structure on top of a roof or tower, especially at the summit of church steeples. A spire may have a square, circular, or polygonal plan, with a roughly conical or pyramidal shape. Spires are typically built of stonework or brickwork, or else of timber structure with metal cladding, ceramic tiling, shingles, or slates on the exterior.

In Classical architecture a term or terminal figure is a human head and bust that continues as a square tapering pillar-like form. In the architecture and the painted architectural decoration of the European Renaissance and the succeeding Classical styles, term figures are quite common. Often they represent minor deities associated with fields and vineyards and the edges of woodland, Pan and fauns and Bacchantes especially, and they may be draped with garlands of fruit and flowers.

Triglyph is an architectural term for the vertically channeled tablets of the Doric frieze in classical architecture, so called because of the angular channels in them. The rectangular recessed spaces between the triglyphs on a Doric frieze are called metopes. The raised spaces between the channels themselves (within a triglyph) are called femur in Latin or meros in Greek. In the strict tradition of classical architecture, a set of guttae, the six triangular "pegs" below, always go with a triglyph above (and vice versa), and the pair of features are only found in entablatures of buildings using the Doric order. The absence of the pair effectively converts a building from being in the Doric order to being in the Tuscan order.

In architecture, a turret is a small tower that projects vertically from the wall of a building such as a medieval castle. Turrets were used to provide a projecting defensive position allowing covering fire to the adjacent wall in the days of military fortification. As their military use faded, turrets were used for decorative purposes.

A tympanum (from Greek and Latin words meaning "drum") is the semi-circular or triangular decorative wall surface over an entrance, door or window, which is bounded by a lintel and an arch. It often contains pedimental sculpture or other imagery or ornaments. Many architectural styles include this element.

A volute is a spiral, scroll-like ornament that forms the basis of the Ionic order, found in the capital of the Ionic column. It was later incorporated into Corinthian order and Composite column capitals. The word derives from the Latin voluta ("scroll").

A wind vane is an instrument used for showing the direction of the wind. It is typically used as an architectural ornament to the highest point of a building. Although partly functional, wind vanes are generally decorative, often featuring the traditional cockerel design with letters indicating the points of the compass. Other common motifs include ships, arrows, and horses. Not all wind vanes have pointers. In a sufficiently strong wind, the head of the arrow or cockerel (or equivalent) will indicate the direction from which the wind is blowing.

Ferdinand Fellner (19 April 1847 - 22 March 1916) was an Austrian architect. Fellner joined his ailing father's architecture firm at the age of nineteen. After his death he founded the architecture studio Fellner & Helmer together with Hermann Helmer in 1873.

Hermann Gottlieb Helmer (13 July 1849 - 2 April 1919) was a German architect who mainly worked in Austria. After completing an apprenticeship as a bricklayer, and some further education he joined the architecture firm of Ferdinand Fellner. After his death he founded the architecture studio Fellner & Helmer together with his son Ferdinand Fellner in 1873.

Cologne is the largest city in the German western state of North Rhine-Westphalia and the fourth-most populous city in Germany. Cologne was founded and established in Germanic Ubii territory in the 1st century CE as the Roman Colonia Agrippina, hence its name. The city's medieval Catholic Cologne Cathedral, the third-tallest church and tallest cathedral in the world, constructed to house the Shrine of the Three Kings, is a globally recognized landmark and one of the most visited sights and pilgrimage destinations in Europe.

Ljubljana is the capital and largest city of Slovenia. It is the country's cultural, educational, economic, political, and administrative center. During antiquity, a Roman city called Emona stood in the area. Ljubljana itself was first mentioned in the first half of the 12th century. Situated in the middle of a trade route between the northern Adriatic Sea and the Danube region, it was the historical capital of Carniola, one of the Slovene-inhabited parts of the Habsburg monarchy. It was under Habsburg rule from the Middle Ages until the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1918. After World War II, Ljubljana became the capital of the Socialist Republic of Slovenia, part of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. The city retained this status until Slovenia became independent in 1991 and Ljubljana became the capital of the newly formed state.

Venice is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto region. It is built on a group of 118 small islands that are separated by canals and linked by over 400 bridges. The islands are in the shallow Venetian Lagoon, an enclosed bay lying between the mouths of the Po and the Piave rivers. The name is derived from the ancient Veneti people who inhabited the region by the 10th century BC. The city was historically the capital of the Republic of Venice for over a millennium, from 697 to 1797. It was a major financial and maritime power during the Middle Ages and Renaissance, and a staging area for the Crusades and the Battle of Lepanto, as well as an important center of commerce—especially silk, grain, and spice, and of art from the 13th century to the end of the 17th.

Vienna is the national capital, largest city, and one of nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's most populous city, and its cultural, economic, and political center. Vienna's ancestral roots lie in early Celtic and Roman settlements that transformed into a Medieval and Baroque city. It is well known for having played a pivotal role as a leading European music center, from the age of Viennese Classicism through the early part of the 20th century. The historic center of Vienna is rich in architectural ensembles, including Baroque palaces and gardens, and the late-19th-century Ringstraße lined with grand buildings, monuments and parks.

Joseph II (13 March 1741 - 20 February 1790) was Holy Roman Emperor from 18 August 1765 and the sole ruler of the Habsburg monarchy from 29 November 1780 until his death. He was the eldest son of Empress Maria Theresa and her husband, Emperor Francis I, and the brother of Marie Antoinette, Leopold II, Maria Carolina of Austria, and Maria Amalia, Duchess of Parma. He was thus the first ruler in the Austrian dominions of the union of the Houses of Habsburg and Lorraine, styled Habsburg-Lorraine.

Franz Joseph I was Emperor of Austria and king of Hungary. He became emperor during the Revolutions of 1848 after the abdication of his uncle, Ferdinand I. With his prime minister, Felix, prince zu Schwarzenberg, he achieved a powerful position for Austria, in particular with the Punctation of Olmütz convention in 1850. His harsh, absolutist rule within Austria produced a strong central government but also led to rioting and an assassination attempt. Following Austria’s defeat by Prussia in the Seven Weeks’ War (1866), he responded to Hungarian national unrest by accepting the Compromise of 1867. He adhered to the Three Emperors’ League and formed an alliance with Prussian-led Germany that led to the Triple Alliance (1882). In 1898 his wife was assassinated, and in 1889 his son Rudolf, his heir apparent died in a suicide love pact. In 1914 his ultimatum to Serbia following the murder of the next heir presumptive, Franz Ferdinand, led Austria and Germany into World War I.

Johannes Gensfleisch zur Laden zum Gutenberg (1393–1406 - 3 February 1468) was a German inventor and craftsman who introduced letterpress printing to Europe with his movable-type printing press. Though not the first of its kind, earlier designs were restricted to East Asia, and Gutenberg's version was the first to spread across the world. His work led to an information revolution and the unprecedented mass spread of literature throughout Europe. It also had a direct impact on the development of the Renaissance, Reformation, and humanist movements.

Napoleon Bonaparte was a French general and dictator during the last reigns of the French Revolution. As Napoleon I, he was Emperor of the French from December 2, 1804 to April 11, 1814. He was also King of Italy from March 17, 1805 to April 11, 1814 and protector of the Confederation of the Rhine from 1806 to 1813.

The griffin, griffon, or gryphon is a legendary creature with the body, tail, and back legs of a lion; the head and wings of an eagle; and sometimes an eagle's talons as its front feet. Because the lion was traditionally considered the king of the beasts, and the eagle the king of the birds, by the Middle Ages, the griffin was thought to be an especially powerful and majestic creature. Since classical antiquity, griffins were known for guarding treasures and priceless possessions.

In Greek mythology, a satyr is a male nature spirit with ears and a tail resembling those of a horse, as well as a permanent, exaggerated erection. Early artistic representations sometimes include horse-like legs, but, by the sixth century BC, they were more often represented with human legs. Comically hideous, they have mane-like hair, bestial faces, and snub noses and are always shown naked. Satyrs were characterized by their ribaldry and were known as lovers of wine, music, dancing, and women. They were companions of the god Dionysus and were believed to inhabit remote locales, such as woodlands, mountains, and pastures. They often attempted to seduce or rape nymphs and mortal women alike, usually with little success.

The First World War began on July 28, 1914, and lasted until November 11, 1918. It was a global war and lasted exactly 4 years, 3 months, and 2 weeks. Most of the fighting was in continental Europe. Soldiers from many countries took part, and it changed the colonial empires of the European powers. Before World War II began in 1939, World War I was called the Great War, or the World War. Other names are the Imperialist War and the Four Years' War. There were 135 countries that took part in the First World War, and nearly 10 million people died while fighting. Before the war, European countries had formed alliances to protect themselves. However, that made them divide themselves into two groups. When Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria was assassinated on June 28, 1914, Austria-Hungary blamed Serbia and declared war on it. Russia then declared war on Austria-Hungary, which set off a chain of events in which members from both groups of countries declared war on each other.

The Second World War was a global war that involved fighting in most of the world. Most countries fought from 1939 to 1945, but some started fighting in 1937. Most of the world's countries, including all of the great powers, fought as part of two military alliances: the Allies and the Axis Powers. It involved more countries, cost more money, involved more people, and killed more people than any other war in history. Between 50 to 85 million people died, most of whom were civilians. The war included massacres, a genocide called the Holocaust, strategic bombing, starvation, disease, and the only use of nuclear weapons against civilians in history.

Günther Domenig (6 July 1934 - 15 June 2012) was an Austrian architect. Domenig was born in Klagenfurt and studied architecture at the Graz University of Technology (1953-1959). After working as an architectural assistant, he set up in practice with Eilfried Huth (1963-1973), producing buildings in a brutalist vein. They designed buildings with exposed concrete that are among the outstanding examples of brutalism in Austria. Both the Pedagogical Academy Graz and the Oberwart Parish Church were commissioned by the Catholic Church. Another much-noticed design from this phase is the visionary and unbuildable Stadt Ragnitz project. Here, Huth and Domenig designed a megastructure that is similar to the projects of the so-called Metabolists and Archigram's projects. At the beginning of the 1970s, Huth and Domenig increasingly designed pop-art-architecture. Their temporary buildings for the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich were colorful and had rounded corners and playful geometries typical of pop art. The multi-purpose hall of the Institute of the Sisters of St. Francis in Graz is reminiscent of a tortoiseshell and thus is organic architecture.

Carinthia is the southernmost Austrian state, in the Eastern Alps, and is noted for its mountains and lakes. The main language is German. Its regional dialects belong to the Southern Bavarian group. Carinthian Slovene dialects, forms of a South Slavic language that predominated in the southeastern part of the region up to the first half of the 20th century, are now spoken by a small minority in the area. Carinthia's main industries are tourism, electronics, engineering, forestry, and agriculture.

A centaur, occasionally hippocentaur, also called Ixionidae, is a creature from Greek mythology with the upper body of a human and the lower body and legs of a horse that was said to live in the mountains of Thessaly. In one version of the myth, the centaurs were named after Centaurus, and, through his brother Lapithes, were kin to the legendary tribe of the Lapiths. Centaurs are thought of in many Greek myths as being as wild as untamed horses and were said to have inhabited the region of Magnesia and Mount Pelion in Thessaly, the Foloi oak forest in Elis, and the Malean peninsula in southern Laconia. Centaurs are subsequently featured in Roman mythology and were familiar figures in the medieval bestiary. They remain a staple of modern fantastic literature.

Georg Horčička was born in Prague in 1856. After training in structural engineering, he moved to Vienna and became an employee of the architectural firm Fellner and Helmer, one of the most important within the monarchy, which planned representative buildings of all kinds, including no fewer than forty-eight theaters (including the Deutsche Volkstheater in Vienna, the Deutsche Landes theater in Prague, the opera house in Graz or the Theater Unter den Linden in Berlin). Inspired by the brisk construction activity at the turn of the century, he sought independence and founded a company in Klagenfurt in 1890 as an architect and urban architect. In the following decades, he planned numerous public and private buildings in the city itself, in the Wörthersee area, and Villach, sometimes according to the criteria of contemporary Art Nouveau. In most cases, the construction work was also entrusted to his company. For example, the redesign of the train station in Klagenfurt and Villach, the construction of the federal high school in Klagenfurt, or the floor construction and renovation of the facade of the Hotel Moser-Verdino in Klagenfurt.

In September 1943, the first bombs fell on built-up urban areas on Sunday, January 16, 1944, at 11:41 a.m. The main targets were the area around the main train station and the tobacco factory on Kempfstrasse, where part of German aircraft production had been relocated from Wiener Neustadt to Klagenfurt. In three waves of attacks, 90 bombers dropped around 1,200 high-explosive bombs over the city. There were 234 deaths, 73 seriously injured, and around 1,800 homeless people. This attack was followed by 48 more by April 26, 1945, 12 of which were major attacks in which a total of 2,000 tons of bombs were dropped. At the end of the war, 3,413 houses and 9,672 apartments had been destroyed. 60 percent of Klagenfurt's apartments were destroyed and 510 people were killed. 1665 Klagenfurt residents died as soldiers during the war.

Gustav Gugitz (May 10, 1836 in Klagenfurt - July 17, 1882 in Vienna) was an Austrian architect. After an apprenticeship as a master builder, Gustav Gugitz studied at the Academy of Fine Arts in Vienna. He also received training in the van der Nüll and Sicardsburg studios. Gugitz worked mainly in the construction office of the Vienna Opera and completed the construction after the deaths of the two architects in 1869. From 1875 to 1882 Gugitz served as a professor and director of the Vienna State Trade School. His honorary grave is in the Grinzinger Friedhof in Vienna.

Crown Prince Rudolf of Austria (21 August 1858 - 30 January 1889) was the only son and third child of Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria and Duchess Elisabeth of Bavaria (Sisi). He was heir apparent to the imperial throne of the Austro-Hungarian Empire from birth. In contrast with his deeply conservative father, Rudolf held liberal views that were closer to those of his mother. Nevertheless, his relationship with her was at times strained. In 1889, he died in a suicide pact with his mistress Mary Vetsera at the Mayerling hunting lodge. The ensuing scandal made international headlines.

Hubertus or Hubert (c. 656 - 30 May 727 A.D.) was a Christian saint who became the first bishop of Liege in 708 A.D. He is the patron saint of hunters, mathematicians, opticians, and metalworkers. Known as the "Apostle of the Ardennes", he was called upon, until the early 20th century, to cure rabies through the use of the traditional Saint Hubert's Key. Hubert was widely venerated during the Middle Ages. The iconography of his legend is entangled with the legend of the martyr Saint Eustace. The Bollandists published seven early lives of Hubertus (Acta Sanctorum, November 3, 759 - 930 A.D.); the first of these was the work of a contemporary, although it offers few details. Hubertus died May 30, 727 A.D. in or near a place called (in Latin) Fura. In the later Middle Ages, this location was claimed to have been identified as Tervuren near Brussels; recent scholarship, however, considers Voeren (Fourons), a location much closer to Liege than Brussels, to be the saint's likelier resting place. His feast day is 3 November.

Franz Eduard Josef Baumgartner (June 27, 1876, in Vienna - October 14, 1946, in Velden am Wörther See) was an Austrian architect and the most important representative of Wörthersee architecture. Franz Baumgartner studied at the Academy of Fine Arts in Vienna. In 1903 he began teaching as an assistant at the State Trade School in Vienna. He was first mentioned as an architect in 1905. In 1906, Baumgartner came to the State Crafts School in Klagenfurt as a specialist teacher (forerunner of the current Federal Technical College). With this, he moved to Villach in 1908. From 1929 to 1937 he worked as director at this school. In 1909 Baumgartner was awarded the title of professor. His universal talent and tireless hard work have had a significant influence on architecture and construction in Carinthia. His most important work is probably the Künstlerhaus in Klagenfurt's Goethe Park, the most important secessionist building in Carinthia, which Baumgartner designed in 1913 for the Kärntner Kunstverein. The master builder Anton Bulfon (1885-1961) was a congenial partner for the realization of Baumgartner's architectural visions. The congenial duo Baumgartner-Bulfon shaped the architecture of the central Carinthian area in the interwar period.

Mainz is the capital and largest city of the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate. Mainz is located at the northern end of the Upper Rhine Plain, on the left bank of the Rhine, opposite the Hessian capital of Wiesbaden and the mouth of the River Main into the Rhine. Mainz was founded as Castrum Mogontiacum by Roman general Nero Claudius Drusus in the 1st century BC on the northern frontier of the Roman Empire and became the capital of the Roman province of Germania Superior. Mainz is the birthplace of Johannes Gutenberg, who introduced letterpress printing to Europe with his movable type printing press, and in the early 1450s manufactured his first books in the city, including the Gutenberg Bibles. Like most cities in the Rhineland, Mainz holds extensive carnival celebrations, that are known as the second-most important in Germany, after the celebrations in Cologne.

Styria is an Austrian state in southeastern Austria. Styria was inhabited by Celtic tribes. After its conquest by the Romans, the eastern part of what is now Styria was part of Pannonia, while the western one was included in Noricum. During the Barbarian invasions, it was conquered or crossed by the Visigoths, the Huns, the Ostrogoths, the Rugii, and the Lombards. Slavs under the domination of the Avars settled in the valleys around 600. At the same time, Bavarians under Frankish domination began to expand their area to the south and east, ultimately absorbing the Slavic population. In 1180, Styria separated from the Duchy of Carinthia and became a Duchy of its own; in 1192 the Austrian Duke Leopold V also became Duke of Styria. Later, Styria formed the central part of Inner Austria. Styria developed culturally and economically under Archduke John of Austria between 1809 and 1859. In 1918, after the First World War, it was divided into a northern section (forming what is the current Austrian province), and a southern one, called Lower Styria, now inhabited by Slovenians, which was annexed to Yugoslavia, and later became part of Slovenia. As a result of the turbulence of the two world wars, the German-speaking population of Lower Styria, which had been concentrated in the cities, migrated out of the region or was expelled.

Celje is the fourth-largest city in Slovenia. It is a regional center of the traditional Slovenian region of Styria and the administrative seat of the City Municipality of Celje. The first settlement in the area of Celje appeared during the Hallstatt era. The settlement was known in the Celtic times and to Ancient Greek historians as Kelea, findings suggest that Celts coined Noric money in the region. The city was razed by Slavic tribes during the Migration period of the 5th and 6th centuries but was rebuilt in the Early Middle Ages. At the end of the 19th century and in the early 20th century, Celje was a center of German nationalism which had repercussions for Slovenes.

Žužemberk is a town located southeast of the Slovenian capital of Ljubljana. It is the seat of the Municipality of Žužemberk. The area is part of the historical region of Lower Carniola. The municipality is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region. Žužemberk lies in the southern part of Carniola on the left bank of the Krka River and is dominated by a medieval castle. The parish church was completely destroyed in the Second World War and was rebuilt in recent years.

The lindworm (worm meaning snake), also spelled lindwyrm or lindwurm, is a mythical creature in Northern and Central European folklore that traditionally has the shape of a giant serpent monster living deep in the forest. It can be seen as a sort of dragon. According to legend, everything that lies under the lindworm will increase as the lindworm grows, giving rise to tales of dragons that brood over treasures to become richer. Legend tells of two kinds of lindworm, a good one, associated with luck, often a cursed prince who has been transformed into a beast, and a bad one, a dangerous man-eater that will attack humans on sight. A lindworm may swallow its own tail, turning itself into a rolling wheel, as a method of pursuing fleeing humans.

Friedrich Schachner (December 14, 1841 in Atzenbrugg near Tulln, Lower Austria - November 7, 1907 in Vienna) was an Austrian historicist architect. Schachner's father was the administrator of the Atzenbrugg monastery and later district head of the Mödling district. Schachner first studied at the Vienna University of Technology, then at the Academy of Fine Arts Vienna under Eduard van der Nüll and August Siccard von Siccardsburg, the architects of the Court Opera. He worked in the studio of Johann Romano and August Schwendenwein, who built numerous city palaces and studied the Renaissance on several trips to Italy. From 1866 until his death, Schachner worked as a busy self-employed architect in Vienna. Schachner was married to Therese Schachner, a daughter of the architect Leopold Ernst. They had five daughters, including the painter Therese Schachner. Like his teachers, Schachner initially cultivated the Neo-Renaissance style. Schachner's largest project, the highly controversial, unrealized design for the Kaiser Franz Joseph City Museum (1901-1902), in competition with Otto Wagner, took on neo-baroque forms. The corresponding variant of late historicism was preferred by, among others, heir to the throne Franz Ferdinand and propagated as the imperial style of the Habsburg monarchy.

Arthur Lemisch (February 4, 1865 Sankt Veit an der Glan - October 29, 1953 Sankt Veit an der Glan) was an Austrian politician of German nationality from Carinthia, at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries a member of the Imperial Council, in the interwar period the regional governor of Carinthia. He worked as a landowner. He was active in politics. He was oriented as a liberal. In 1882, he participated in the formulation of the so-called Linz Program, the basic program document of the Austrian Germans. From 1896 he was a member of the Carinthian Regional Assembly. He was also a member of the Imperial Council (the national parliament of Pre-Lithuania), where he sat in the elections of 1897 for the general curia in Carinthia, the district of Klagenfurt, Ferlach, etc. He defended his mandate in the elections of 1901. In the election period 1897-1901, he is listed as Dr. Arthur Lemisch, landowner, apartment Sankt Veit an der Glan. In the elections of 1897, he ran for the German People's Party. He was nominated as a candidate of the German People's Party in the elections of 1901. His political career peaked after the First World War. From November 11, 1918, to July 22, 1921, he held the position of regional administrator of Carinthia. In the years 1927-1931, he was the regional governor of Carinthia.

Bad Sankt Leonhard im Lavanttal is a spa town in the district of Wolfsberg in the Austrian state of Carinthia. The area was settled since ancient times, when a Roman road led through the Lavanttal up to the Obdach Saddle pass and the Mur valley in present-day Upper Styria. In the 11th century, the surrounding Carinthian estates were enfeoffed to the Bishops of Bamberg by Emperor Henry II. In the 15th century, mining for gold and silver became common in the area, run by the Fugger merchant family from Augsburg. During the Great Depression in the 1930s, several medieval stained glass windows of the parish church were sold and are now on display at The Cloisters museum in New York City.

Wilhelm Hess (1846 in Bavaria - September 25, 1916 in Klagenfurt) was an Austrian architect. Wilhelm Hess was an important representative of Wörthersee architecture and director of the Klagenfurt School of Building and Crafts. Wilhelm Hess came from southern Germany and allegedly took part in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-1871 as a 14-year-old volunteer. Little is known about his previous life. He later worked at the commercial drawing and modeling school in Klagenfurt, which was founded in 1871. When it was converted into a commercial training school in 1883, the 37-year-old architect Hess became its director. Under him, the commercial technical school system experienced a positive development. From 1889 the educational institution was called the State Crafts School, and from the beginning of the 1907-1908 school year it was called the Construction and Crafts School. Hess was still the director at the time. He also taught construction drawings himself the entire time and was also in charge of the workshops. In 1911 this type of school was reformed again: the construction and crafts school moved to Villach. Since the school director probably turned 65 that year, he probably retired. He was also a member of the Klagenfurt local council for a long time.

Babenhausen is a municipality in the district of Unterallgäu in Bavaria, Germany. It is the seat of a municipal association with Egg an der Günz, Kettershausen, Kirchhaslach, Oberschönegg, and Winterrieden. The view of Babenhausen is dominated by the Fugger Castle, a local attraction with a museum, and the Sankt Andreas Church. It is the seat of the Fuggers, a merchant family from Augsburg which played an important role during the Middle Ages and the Renaissance.

Meiselberg Castle is a castle near Maria Saal in Carinthia that was probably built in the 16th century. The building is now privately owned and is not open to the public. The exact time of construction and the builder of the castle are unknown. Under Hans Christoph von Metnitz, who bought the castle from Hieronymus von Meiselberg's heirs in 1595, the castle was expanded in the 17th century. It changed hands several times and in 1694 it passed to Hans Adam Stampfer von Walchenberg, a member of a wealthy tradesman family from Öblarn. His descendants had the castle expanded and rebuilt in the Baroque style in the 18th century. The castle passed to Count Dismas Christalnigg in 1793, whose descendant sold the estate to Countess Marie Wydenbruck in 1919. In 1941, their daughter Helene Countess Desfours-Walderode left it to her cousin Marie Therese, Princess of Hanau, a daughter of Prince Karl Georg Fugger von Babenhausen and his wife Eleonora, Princess of Hohenlohe-Bartenstein. Prince Karl Fugger was a son of Prince Karl Ludwig Fugger of Babenhausen and his wife Friederike Countess Christalnigg from Meiselberg, both of whom had already spent a lot of time there.

Anton Bulfon (June 13, 1885 in Tiffen - October 27, 1961 in Klagenfurt) was an Austrian builder. At his time he was considered the largest building contractor in Carinthia. He refused to build unsightly buildings and was an early advocate of allowing his employees to share in the success. Regardless of the possible consequences, he is said to have strictly refused to cooperate with the National Socialists. In 2008 a monument was erected in honor of Anton Bulfon at the entrance to Velden am Wörthersee.