Vaduz is the capital of Liechtenstein and also the seat of the national parliament. Vaduz is mentioned in historic 12th-century manuscripts as Faduzes. In 1322 a mention of the castle was made, which was sacked by the Swiss in 1499 during the Swabian War. On 23 January 1719, Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor, decreed Vaduz and Schellenberg were united, and raised to the dignity of Fürstentum with the name Liechtenstein. It was on this date that Liechtenstein became a sovereign member state of the Holy Roman Empire.

The most prominent landmark of Vaduz is Vaduz Castle, perched atop a steep hill overlooking the city. It is home to the reigning prince of Liechtenstein and the Liechtenstein princely family. The city's distinctive architecture is also displayed in landmarks such as the Cathedral of Saint Florin, Government House, City Hall, the National Art Gallery, as well as the National Museum.