Târgu Mureș, also known by the Hungarian name Marosvásárhely and the German name Neumarkt am Mieresch, is the seat of Mureș County in the historical region of Transylvania, Romania. The current Romanian name of the city, Târgu Mureș, is the equivalent of the Hungarian Marosvásárhely, both meaning market on the Mureș. The first known recorded documentation of the city dates to 1332.

The Reformed Fortress Church is the oldest church in the town. According to historical evidence, less than a century had passed after the first appearance of the Franciscan order in Transylvania, Hungarian Kingdom, when the Franciscan friars arrived at Vásárhely. The first fortress in the town was erected in 1492 upon the order of voivode Stephen Báthory and was accomplished somewhere between 1602 and 1652 under Judge Tamás Borsos.